Abordagem ao estado atual da produção de insetos como alimento humano e animal na América Latina
Palavras-chave:
insetos como alimento, produção de insetos, entomofagia, bioeconomia
Resumo
Os insetos constituem mais de 50% de todas as espécies conhecidas, desempenhando um papel crucial na biomassa do planeta e fornecendo serviços ecossistêmicos essenciais, como controle biológico, polinização, alimento e bioconversão de matéria orgânica. No contexto dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável das Nações Unidas, os insetos não são apenas fundamentais para a biodiversidade e os ecossistemas, mas também desempenham um papel-chave em aspectos econômicos que vão desde o consumo humano até aplicações em saúde, agricultura e produção de substâncias medicinais. A entomofagia, ou consumo de insetos, é uma prática tradicional em países latino-americanos, como México, Brasil, Equador e Colômbia. No entanto, a produção de insetos como alimento na região ainda está em estágios iniciais, enfrentando desafios em termos de regulamentação, treinamento, divulgação de conhecimentos e colaboração entre instituições públicas e privadas. Foram realizadas pesquisas para avaliar a situação da produção de insetos na América Latina, revelando um interesse crescente em espécies como a mosca soldado negra (Hermetia illucens), o besouro da farinha (Tenebrio molitor) e o grilo doméstico (Acheta domesticus). Foram identificadas iniciativas produtivas dessas espécies em diferentes escalas, mas ainda há falta de experiência relacionada ao seu manejo ou produção. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de maior formação e divulgação de conhecimentos para impulsionar o desenvolvimento dessa indústria emergente na região. Além disso, a falta de legislação relacionada aos insetos para consumo humano e animal demonstra a necessidade de colaboração para avançar em um quadro regulatório de produção, processamento e comercialização dessas espécies.
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Referências
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Barragán-Fonseca, K.B., Dicke, M. y van Loon, J.J.A. 2018. Influence of larval density and dietary nutrient concentration on performance, body protein, and fat contents of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens). Entomol. Exp. Appl. 166:761–770. https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.12716
Barragán-Fonseca, K.B. y Gómez-Uribe, D. 2024. Insectos en sistemas agroalimentarios: Una perspectiva integral desde el enfoque de Una Salud y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. En: Ed. Cediel Becerra, N. y Carrascal Velásquez, J. Libro One Health para Colombia. ASFAMEVEZ. Bogotá, Colombia. Aceptado para publicación.
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Cerda, H., Martínez, R., Briceño, N., Pizzoferrato, L., Manzi, P., Ponzetta, M.T. y Paoletti, M.G. 2001. Palm worm:(Rhynchophorus palmarum) traditional food in Amazonas, Venezuela — nutritional composition, small scale production and tourist palatability. Ecology of food and nutrition, 40(1), 13-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2001.9991635
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Cristancho, S. y Barragán-Fonseca K.B. 2011. Análisis del sistema de aprovechamiento del gusano mojojoy (Rhynchophorus palmarum) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) en el Municipio de Leticia – Amazonas, Colombia. Capítulo IV del libro: Etnozoología: un enfoque binacional, México – Colombia. Primera edición. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas.
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Barragán-Fonseca, K.B., Dicke, M. y van Loon, J.J.A. 2018. Influence of larval density and dietary nutrient concentration on performance, body protein, and fat contents of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens). Entomol. Exp. Appl. 166:761–770. https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.12716
Barragán-Fonseca, K.B. y Gómez-Uribe, D. 2024. Insectos en sistemas agroalimentarios: Una perspectiva integral desde el enfoque de Una Salud y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. En: Ed. Cediel Becerra, N. y Carrascal Velásquez, J. Libro One Health para Colombia. ASFAMEVEZ. Bogotá, Colombia. Aceptado para publicación.
Barragán-Fonseca, K.Y., Barragán-Fonseca, K.B., Verschoor, G., van Loon, J.J.A. y Dicke, M. 2020a. Insects for peace. Current Opinion in Insect Science 40: 85-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2020.05.011
Barragán-Fonseca, K. B., J. Cortés Urquijo, M. Dicke y Quintana, A.P. 2020b. South-south inspiration to connect SDG2 and SDG16 in former conflict areas. In: Wageningen Livestock Research, Public Report 1289., Wageningen.
Barragán-Fonseca, K.B., Muñoz-Ramírez, A.P., Mc Cune, N., Pineda, J., Dicke, M. y Cortés, J. 2022. Fighting rural poverty in Colombia: Circular agriculture by using insects as feed in aquaculture (No. 1353). Wageningen Livestock Research. https://doi.org/10.18174/561878
Barragán-Fonseca, K.B., Cortés-Urquijo, F.J., Pineda, J.R. Lagos, D. y Dicke, M. 2023. Small-scale Black Soldier Fly-Fish farming: a model with socioeconomic benefits. Animal Frontiers. 13 (4): 91-101. https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfad030.
Berggren, Å., A. Jansson y Low, M. 2019. Approaching Ecological Sustainability in the Emerging Insects-as-Food Industry. Trends Ecol. Evol. 34:132–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2018.11.005
Bermúdez-Serrano, I.M. 2020. Challenges and opportunities for the development of an edible insect food industry in Latin America. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 6(5), 537-556. https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0009
Bermúdez-Serrano, I. M., Quirós, A. M. y Dornberger, U. 2022. Production and export potential of cricket powder in Costa Rica: an exploratory study. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 8(6), 645-657. https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2021.0139
Busch, M., A. La Notte, V. Laporte y Erhard, M. 2012. Potentials of quantitative and qualitative approaches to assessing ecosystem services. Ecol. Indic. 21:89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.11.010
Caparros-Megido, R., Haubruge, E. y Francis, F. 2017. Small-scale production of crickets and impact on rural livelihoods. In: Van Huis, A. y Tomberlin, J.K. (eds.) Insects as food and feed: from production to consumption. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands, pp 100-111. https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-849-0
Caparros-Megido R., Francis F., Haubruge E., Le Gall P., Tomberlin J.K., Miranda C.D., Jordan H.R., Picard C.J, Pino M.J.M., Ramos-Elordy J., Katz E., Barragán-Fonseca K.B., Costa-Neto E.M., Ponce-Reyes R., Wijffels G., Ghosh S., Jung C., Han Y.S., Conti B., Vilcinskas A., Tanga C.M., Kababu M.O., Beesigamukama D., Morales Ramos J.A. y van Huis, A. 2023. A worldwide overview of the status and prospects of edible insect production. Entomologie Generalis. Accepted paper.
Cerda, H., Martínez, R., Briceño, N., Pizzoferrato, L., Manzi, P., Ponzetta, M.T. y Paoletti, M.G. 2001. Palm worm:(Rhynchophorus palmarum) traditional food in Amazonas, Venezuela — nutritional composition, small scale production and tourist palatability. Ecology of food and nutrition, 40(1), 13-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2001.9991635
Costa-Neto, E.M. 2015. Anthropo-entomophagy in Latin America: an overview of the importance of edible insects to local communities. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 1(1), 17-23. https://doi.org/10.3920/jiff2014.0015
Costa-Neto, E.M. 2002. Manual de etnoentomología. Zaragoza, Spain: Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa.
Cortes, J., Ruiz, A., Morales, J., Thomas, M., Rojas, M., Tomberlin, J., Yi, L., Han, R., Giroud, L. y Jullien, R. 2016. Chapter 6 - Insect Mass Production Technologies. In Aaron T. Dossey, J. A. Morales-Ramos and M. G. Rojas (Eds.), Insects as Sustainable Food Ingredients (pp. 153-201). Academic Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802856-8.00006-5
Chia, S.Y., Tanga, C.M., van Loon, J.J.A. y Dicke, M. 2019. Insects for sustainable animal feed: inclusive business models involving smallholder farmers. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 41: 23-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2019.09.003
Cristancho, S. y Barragán-Fonseca K.B. 2011. Análisis del sistema de aprovechamiento del gusano mojojoy (Rhynchophorus palmarum) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) en el Municipio de Leticia – Amazonas, Colombia. Capítulo IV del libro: Etnozoología: un enfoque binacional, México – Colombia. Primera edición. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas.
Data Basin. 2023. Los insectos del Orden Coleóptera para Latinoamérica y el Caribe. Available online at: https://databasin.org/datasets/bfa83333dd2746efb2a7e3494f8f9d27/ (accessed February 2024)
DeFoliart, G.R. 1999. Insects as Food: Why the Western Attitude is Important. Annual Review of Entomology 44:21-50.
Delvendahl, N., Rumpold B.A. y Langen N. 2022. Edible insects as food – insect welfare and ethical aspects from a consumer perspective. Insects. 13:121. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13020121
Deshmuhk R. 2022. Edible Insects Market Insect Type (Beetles, Cricket, Caterpillars, Grasshoppers, Bees, Ants, Others) Application (Food & Beverage, Bakery, Pet Food, Others) P roduct Type (Whole, Ingredient): Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast, 2022-2029. Available online at: https://www. alliedmarketresearch.com/edible-insects-market-A11035 (accessed January 30, 2024).
Dangles, O. y Casas, J. 2019. Ecosystem services provided by insects for achieving sustainable development goals. Ecosyst. Serv. 35:109–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.12.002
Dicke, M. 2018. Insects as feed and the Sustainable Development Goals. J. Insects as Food Feed. 4:147–156. https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2018.0003
Dicke, M., Aartsma, Y. y Barragán-Fonseca, K.B. 2020. Protein transition in Colombia: insects as feed in a circular agriculture. SMP Report. Wageningen University and Research. The Netherlands. https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/protein-transition-in-colombia-insects-as-feed-in-a-circular-agri
Dimarq JL. y Hunneyball, I. 2003. Pharma-Entomology: when bugs become drugs. Drug Discov Today. 8:107 – 110.
Grimaldi, D. y Engel, M.S. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press.
García, A. y J. de Celis. 1992. Developmental genetics of the venation pattern of Drosophila. Annual Rev. Genet. 26: 277 – 304.
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2024-07-09
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Barragán-Fonseca, Karol Bibiana, e Rodrigo Llaurado. 2024. “Abordagem Ao Estado Atual Da produção De Insetos Como Alimento Humano E Animal Na América Latina”. Archivos Latinoamericanos De Producción Animal 32 (2), 77-88. https://doi.org/10.53588/alpa.320203.
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