Aproximación al estado actual de la producción de insectos como alimento humano y animal en Latinoamérica
Palabras clave:
insectos como alimento, producción de insectos, bioeconomía, entomofagia
Resumen
Los insectos constituyen más del 50% de todas las especies conocidas, desempeñando un papel crucial en la biomasa del planeta y proporcionando servicios ecosistémicos esenciales como control biológico, polinización, alimento y bioconversión de materia orgánica. En el contexto de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de las Naciones Unidas, los insectos no solo son fundamentales para la biodiversidad y los ecosistemas, sino que también juegan un papel clave en aspectos económicos que van desde el consumo humano hasta aplicaciones en salud, agricultura y producción de sustancias medicinales. La entomofagia, o consumo de insectos, es una práctica tradicional en países latinoamericanos como México, Brasil, Ecuador y Colombia. Sin embargo, la producción de insectos como alimento en la región, se encuentra en una etapa incipiente, enfrentando desafíos en términos de normatividad, capacitación, divulgación de conocimientos y colaboración entre instituciones públicas y privadas. Se realizaron encuestas para evaluar la situación de la producción de insectos en Latinoamérica, revelando que existe un creciente interés en especies como la mosca soldado negra (Hermetia illucens), el gusano de la harina (Tenebrio molitor) y el grillo doméstico (Acheta domesticus) y se identifican iniciativas productivas de estas especies a diferentes escalas. Sin embargo, aún falta experiencia relacionada a su manejo o producción. Los resultados indican la necesidad de mayor formación y divulgación de conocimientos para impulsar el desarrollo de esta industria emergente en la región. Además, la falta de legislación relacionada a los insectos para consumo humano y animal, demuestra la necesidad de colaboración para avanzar en un marco regulatorio de producción, procesamiento y comercialización de estas especies.
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Cerda, H., Martínez, R., Briceño, N., Pizzoferrato, L., Manzi, P., Ponzetta, M.T. y Paoletti, M.G. 2001. Palm worm:(Rhynchophorus palmarum) traditional food in Amazonas, Venezuela — nutritional composition, small scale production and tourist palatability. Ecology of food and nutrition, 40(1), 13-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2001.9991635
Costa-Neto, E.M. 2015. Anthropo-entomophagy in Latin America: an overview of the importance of edible insects to local communities. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 1(1), 17-23. https://doi.org/10.3920/jiff2014.0015
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Data Basin. 2023. Los insectos del Orden Coleóptera para Latinoamérica y el Caribe. Available online at: https://databasin.org/datasets/bfa83333dd2746efb2a7e3494f8f9d27/ (accessed February 2024)
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Barragán-Fonseca, K.B., Dicke, M. y van Loon, J.J.A. 2018. Influence of larval density and dietary nutrient concentration on performance, body protein, and fat contents of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens). Entomol. Exp. Appl. 166:761–770. https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.12716
Barragán-Fonseca, K.B. y Gómez-Uribe, D. 2024. Insectos en sistemas agroalimentarios: Una perspectiva integral desde el enfoque de Una Salud y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. En: Ed. Cediel Becerra, N. y Carrascal Velásquez, J. Libro One Health para Colombia. ASFAMEVEZ. Bogotá, Colombia. Aceptado para publicación.
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Barragán-Fonseca, K. B., J. Cortés Urquijo, M. Dicke y Quintana, A.P. 2020b. South-south inspiration to connect SDG2 and SDG16 in former conflict areas. In: Wageningen Livestock Research, Public Report 1289., Wageningen.
Barragán-Fonseca, K.B., Muñoz-Ramírez, A.P., Mc Cune, N., Pineda, J., Dicke, M. y Cortés, J. 2022. Fighting rural poverty in Colombia: Circular agriculture by using insects as feed in aquaculture (No. 1353). Wageningen Livestock Research. https://doi.org/10.18174/561878
Barragán-Fonseca, K.B., Cortés-Urquijo, F.J., Pineda, J.R. Lagos, D. y Dicke, M. 2023. Small-scale Black Soldier Fly-Fish farming: a model with socioeconomic benefits. Animal Frontiers. 13 (4): 91-101. https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfad030.
Berggren, Å., A. Jansson y Low, M. 2019. Approaching Ecological Sustainability in the Emerging Insects-as-Food Industry. Trends Ecol. Evol. 34:132–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2018.11.005
Bermúdez-Serrano, I.M. 2020. Challenges and opportunities for the development of an edible insect food industry in Latin America. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 6(5), 537-556. https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0009
Bermúdez-Serrano, I. M., Quirós, A. M. y Dornberger, U. 2022. Production and export potential of cricket powder in Costa Rica: an exploratory study. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 8(6), 645-657. https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2021.0139
Busch, M., A. La Notte, V. Laporte y Erhard, M. 2012. Potentials of quantitative and qualitative approaches to assessing ecosystem services. Ecol. Indic. 21:89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.11.010
Caparros-Megido, R., Haubruge, E. y Francis, F. 2017. Small-scale production of crickets and impact on rural livelihoods. In: Van Huis, A. y Tomberlin, J.K. (eds.) Insects as food and feed: from production to consumption. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands, pp 100-111. https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-849-0
Caparros-Megido R., Francis F., Haubruge E., Le Gall P., Tomberlin J.K., Miranda C.D., Jordan H.R., Picard C.J, Pino M.J.M., Ramos-Elordy J., Katz E., Barragán-Fonseca K.B., Costa-Neto E.M., Ponce-Reyes R., Wijffels G., Ghosh S., Jung C., Han Y.S., Conti B., Vilcinskas A., Tanga C.M., Kababu M.O., Beesigamukama D., Morales Ramos J.A. y van Huis, A. 2023. A worldwide overview of the status and prospects of edible insect production. Entomologie Generalis. Accepted paper.
Cerda, H., Martínez, R., Briceño, N., Pizzoferrato, L., Manzi, P., Ponzetta, M.T. y Paoletti, M.G. 2001. Palm worm:(Rhynchophorus palmarum) traditional food in Amazonas, Venezuela — nutritional composition, small scale production and tourist palatability. Ecology of food and nutrition, 40(1), 13-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2001.9991635
Costa-Neto, E.M. 2015. Anthropo-entomophagy in Latin America: an overview of the importance of edible insects to local communities. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 1(1), 17-23. https://doi.org/10.3920/jiff2014.0015
Costa-Neto, E.M. 2002. Manual de etnoentomología. Zaragoza, Spain: Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa.
Cortes, J., Ruiz, A., Morales, J., Thomas, M., Rojas, M., Tomberlin, J., Yi, L., Han, R., Giroud, L. y Jullien, R. 2016. Chapter 6 - Insect Mass Production Technologies. In Aaron T. Dossey, J. A. Morales-Ramos and M. G. Rojas (Eds.), Insects as Sustainable Food Ingredients (pp. 153-201). Academic Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802856-8.00006-5
Chia, S.Y., Tanga, C.M., van Loon, J.J.A. y Dicke, M. 2019. Insects for sustainable animal feed: inclusive business models involving smallholder farmers. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 41: 23-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2019.09.003
Cristancho, S. y Barragán-Fonseca K.B. 2011. Análisis del sistema de aprovechamiento del gusano mojojoy (Rhynchophorus palmarum) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) en el Municipio de Leticia – Amazonas, Colombia. Capítulo IV del libro: Etnozoología: un enfoque binacional, México – Colombia. Primera edición. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas.
Data Basin. 2023. Los insectos del Orden Coleóptera para Latinoamérica y el Caribe. Available online at: https://databasin.org/datasets/bfa83333dd2746efb2a7e3494f8f9d27/ (accessed February 2024)
DeFoliart, G.R. 1999. Insects as Food: Why the Western Attitude is Important. Annual Review of Entomology 44:21-50.
Delvendahl, N., Rumpold B.A. y Langen N. 2022. Edible insects as food – insect welfare and ethical aspects from a consumer perspective. Insects. 13:121. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13020121
Deshmuhk R. 2022. Edible Insects Market Insect Type (Beetles, Cricket, Caterpillars, Grasshoppers, Bees, Ants, Others) Application (Food & Beverage, Bakery, Pet Food, Others) P roduct Type (Whole, Ingredient): Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast, 2022-2029. Available online at: https://www. alliedmarketresearch.com/edible-insects-market-A11035 (accessed January 30, 2024).
Dangles, O. y Casas, J. 2019. Ecosystem services provided by insects for achieving sustainable development goals. Ecosyst. Serv. 35:109–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.12.002
Dicke, M. 2018. Insects as feed and the Sustainable Development Goals. J. Insects as Food Feed. 4:147–156. https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2018.0003
Dicke, M., Aartsma, Y. y Barragán-Fonseca, K.B. 2020. Protein transition in Colombia: insects as feed in a circular agriculture. SMP Report. Wageningen University and Research. The Netherlands. https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/protein-transition-in-colombia-insects-as-feed-in-a-circular-agri
Dimarq JL. y Hunneyball, I. 2003. Pharma-Entomology: when bugs become drugs. Drug Discov Today. 8:107 – 110.
Grimaldi, D. y Engel, M.S. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press.
García, A. y J. de Celis. 1992. Developmental genetics of the venation pattern of Drosophila. Annual Rev. Genet. 26: 277 – 304.
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Publicado
2024-07-09
Cómo citar
Barragán-Fonseca, Karol Bibiana, y Rodrigo Llaurado. 2024. «Aproximación Al Estado Actual De La producción De Insectos Como Alimento Humano Y Animal En Latinoamérica». Archivos Latinoamericanos De Producción Animal 32 (2), 77-88. https://doi.org/10.53588/alpa.320203.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Karol Bibiana Barragán-Fonseca, Rodrigo Llaurado
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