Severidad de miopatías de pechuga y su relación con indicadores de bienestar productivos, fisiológicos y de comportamiento en pollos de engorde
Miopatías y bienestar de los pollos de engorde
Resumen
El objetivo del experimento fue evaluar la relación entre diferentes grados de severidad de las miopatías conocidas como pechuga de madera y estrías blancas con indicadores de bienestar fisiológicos, productivos y de comportamiento. Se utilizaron 570 pollos de engorde Ross 308, criados bajo condiciones comerciales por 13 semanas. De la semana 7 a la 13, previo al sacrificio, se palpó la pechuga de 35 pollos al azar, de acuerdo con su consistencia y se clasificó en suave, intermedia y firme. Se tomaron 15 muestras de sangre de los 35 pollos para obtener la relación heterófilo-linfocito, proteína C reactiva y el perfil hematológico. Se realizaron etogramas de grupo por observación directa, semanalmente. Se registró el peso vivo, el peso de la pechuga, el peso en canal caliente y de la canal fría. Cada pechuga se clasificó según el grado de severidad de lesiones de las estrías blancas y la pechuga de madera en normales, leves, moderadas y severas. Las pechugas procesadas se palparon y se clasificaron en suave, intermedia y firme. A cada una se le midió la fuerza y la energía de corte. Los resultados mostraron que los indicadores fisiológicos no tuvieron relación con la severidad de las lesiones encontradas para ambas miopatías. La severidad de las lesiones aumentó y estuvo significativamente asociada con la edad, el peso vivo y el peso de la pechuga. La palpación de la pechuga de los pollos vivos estuvo altamente correlacionada con la palpación de la pechuga procesada por lo que la palpación en vivo puede ser utilizada como un indicador no invasivo de la consistencia y severidad de las lesiones de ambas miopatías. Se requiere evaluar más indicadores fisiológicos, de comportamiento y de dolor en pollos que presenten estrías blancas y pechuga de madera.
Descargas
Citas
Alnahhas, N., C. Berri, M. Chabault, P. Chartrin, M. Boulay, M. C. Bourin, and E. le Bihan Duval. 2016. Genetic Parameters of White Striping in Relation to Body Weight, Carcass Composition, and Meat Quality Traits in Two Broiler Lines Divergently Selected for the Ultimate PH of the Pectoralis Major Muscle. BMC Genetics 17 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/S12863-016-0369-2.
Amaral, P., C. Zimermann, L. Santos L, M. Noro , M. Prá, and F. Pilotto. 2017. Evaluation of Physiological Parameters of Broilers with Dorsal Cranial Myopathy. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science. 2017 Mar;19(1):69–74. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0377
Bailey, R.A., K.A.Watson, S.F. Bilgili, and S. Avendano. 2015. The Genetic Basis of Pectoralis Major Myopathies in Modern Broiler Chicken Lines. Poultry Science 94 (12): 2870–79. https://doi.org/10.3382/PS/PEV304.
Bokkers, E.A.M. 2004. Behavioural Motivations and Abilities in Broilers. PhD Thesis. University of Wageningen. Wageningen. Netherlands. https://edepot.wur.nl/19264.
Bozakova, N., K. Stoyanchev, D. Girginov, and T. Stoyanchev 2007. Ethological Study of Broiler Chickens after Induction and Treatment of Muscular Dystrophy. Trakia Journal Science; 5 (3):5. http://tru.uni-sz.bg/tsj/Vol5N3-4_2007/bozakova_et_al1.pdf
Cavitt, L.C., G. W. Youm, J. F. Meullenet, C. M. Owens, and R. Xiong. 2004. Prediction of Poultry Meat Tenderness Using Razor Blade Shear, Allo-Kramer Shear, and Sarcomere Length. Journal of Food Science 69 (1): SNQ11–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.2004.TB17879.X.
Chatterjee, D., H. Zhuang, B. C. Bowker, A. M. Rincon, and G. Sanchez-Brambila. 2016. Instrumental Texture Characteristics of Broiler Pectoralis Major with the Wooden Breast Condition. Poultry Science 95 (10): 2449–54. https://doi.org/10.3382/PS/PEW204.
Costa, L.S., D.F Pereira, L.G.F Bueno, and H. Pandorfi. 2012. Some Aspects of Chicken Behavior and Welfare. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science 14 (3): 159–64. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-635X2012000300001.
Cotter, P.F. 2015. An Examination of the Utility of Heterophil-Lymphocyte Ratios in Assessing Stress of Caged Hens. Poultry Science 94 (3): 512–17. https://doi.org/10.3382/PS/PEU009.
Davis, A.K., D.L. Maney, and J.C. Maerz. 2008. The use of leukocyte profiles to measure stress in vertebrates: a review for ecologists. Functional Ecology; 22 (5):760–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01467.x
Dawkins, M. S. 1999. The Role of Behaviour in the Assessment of Poultry Welfare. Worlds Poultry Science Journal 55 (3): 302–3. https://doi.org/10.1079/WPS19990022.
De Almeida Mallmann, B., 2019. Prediction and Evaluation of Breast Myopathy. PhD Thesis. University of Arkansas. Arkansas. USA. https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/3376
Eckersall, P.D., and Bell R. 2010. Acute Phase Proteins: Biomarkers of Infection and Inflammation in Veterinary Medicine. Veterinary Journal 185 (1): 23–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TVJL.2010.04.009.
Gentle, M.J. 2011. Pain issues in poultry. Applied Animal Behavior Science. Dec 15;135(3):252–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2011.10.023
Griffin, J.R., L. Moraes, M. Wick M, and M.S. Lilburn. 2018. Onset of White Striping and Progression into Wooden Breast as Defined by Myopathic Changes Underlying Pectoralis Major Growth. Estimation of Growth Parameters as Predictors for Stage of Myopathy Progression. Avian Pathology: Journal of the W.V.P.A 47 (1): 2–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2017.1356908.
Gross, W.B., and S. Siegel. 1983. Evaluation of the Heterophil/Lymphocyte Ratio as a Measure of Stress in Chickens. Avian Diseases 27 (4): 972–79. https://doi.org/10.2307/1590198.
Harvey, J W. 2001. Atlas of Veterinary Hematology. Edited by J W Harvey. Atlas of Veterinary Hematology: Blood and Bone Marrow of Domestic Animalsr. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. USA. 44 p. ISBN 9780721663340.
Huang X., and D.U. Ahn. 2018. The Incidence of Muscle Abnormalities in Broiler Breast Meat: A Review. Korean Journal of Food Science Animal Resources. 2018 Oct;38(5):835–50. https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2018.e2
Kuttappan, V.A. Brewer V.B, Apple J.K, Waldroup P.W, and Owens C.M. 2012. Influence of Growth Rate on the Occurrence of White Striping in Broiler Breast Fillets. Poultry Science 91 (10): 2677–85. https://doi.org/10.3382/PS.2012-02259.
Kuttappan, V.A., V.B. Brewer, A. Mauromoustakos, S.R. McKee, J.L. Emmert, J.F. Meullenet, and C.M. Owens. 2013a. Estimation of Factors Associated with the Occurrence of White Striping in Broiler Breast Fillets. Poultry Science 92 (3): 811–19. https://doi.org/10.3382/PS.2012-02506.
Kuttappan, V.A., Huff G.R, Huff W.E, Hargis B.M, Apple J.K, and C. Coon, 2013b. Comparison of Hematologic and Serologic Profiles of Broiler Birds with Normal and Severe Degrees of White Striping in Breast Fillets. Poultry Sciences. 2013 Feb 1;92(2):339–45. https://doi.org/ 10.3382/PS.2012-02647.
Kuttappan, V.A., B.M. Hargis, and C.M. Owens. 2016. White Striping and Woody Breast Myopathies in the Modern Poultry Industry: A Review. Poultry Science 95 (11): 2724–33. https://doi.org/10.3382/PS/PEW216.
Lee, Y.S., C.M. Owens, C. Mand, and J. F. Meullenet. 2008. The Meullenet-Owens Razor Shear (Mors) for Predicting Poultry Meat Tenderness: Its Applications and Optimization. Journal of Texture Studies 39 (6): 655–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1745-4603.2008.00165.X.
Lorenzi, M., S. Mudalal, C. Cavani, and M. Petracci. 2014. Incidence of White Striping under Commercial Conditions in Medium and Heavy Broiler Chickens in Italy. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 23 (4): 754–58. https://doi.org/10.3382/JAPR.2014-00968.
MacRae, V.E., M. Mahon, S. Gilpin, D.A. Sandercock, and M.A. Mitchell. 2006. Skeletal Muscle Fibre Growth and Growth Associated Myopathy in the Domestic Chicken (Gallus Domesticus). British Poultry Science 47 (3): 264–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660600753615.
Manteca, X. 2016. Use of Outcome Based Measures and Design Based Measures. In 4th OIE Global Conference of Animal Welfare, edited by OIE. Guadalajara, México: OIE. https://old.oie.int/esp/animal-welfare-conf2016/presrec.html.
Marques, T. A. 2016. Molecular Biomarkers of Welfare in Poultry. Proceeding of Veterinary and Animal Science Days, Vol 2, No 1s. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13130/22833927/5126.
Mellor, D.J. 2017. Operational Details of the Five Domains Model and Its Key Applications to the Assessment and Management of Animal Welfare. Animals Aug 7(8): 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani7080060
Norring, M., E. Kaukonen, and A. Valros. 2016. The Use of Perches and Platforms by Broiler Chickens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 184. November. 91-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2016.07.012.
Petracci, M., S. Mudalal, F. Soglia, and C. Cavani. 2019. Meat Quality in Fast-Growing Broiler Chickens. Worlds Poultry Science Journal Vol 71 (2): 363–74. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933915000367.
Scanes, C.G. 2016. Biology of Stress in Poultry with Emphasis on Glucocorticoids and the Heterophil to Lymphocyte Ratio. Poultry Science. Sep 1;95 (9): 2208–15. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pew137
Shini, S., P. Kaiser, A. Shini A, and W. L Bryden. 2008. Differential Alterations in Ultrastructural Morphology of Chicken Heterophils and Lymphocytes Induced by Corticosterone and Lipopolysaccharide. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 122 (1–2): 83–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.VETIMM.2007.10.009.
Shields, S.J., J.P Garner, and J.A Mench. 2005. Effect of Sand and Wood-Shavings Bedding on the Behavior of Broiler Chickens. Poultry Science 84 (12): 1816–24. https://doi.org/10.1093/PS/84.12.1816.
Sohail M.U., A. Ijaz, M.S. Yousaf, K. Ashraf, H. Zaneb, and M. Aleem. 2010. Alleviation of Cyclic Heat Stress in Broilers by Dietary Supplementation of Mannan-oligosaccharide and Lactobacillus-based probiotic: Dynamics of Cortisol, Thyroid hormones, Cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and Humoral Immunity. Poultry Science. 2010 Sep; 89 (9):1934–8. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2010-00751
The Jamovi Project. 2019. Jamovi. (Version 1.0) [Computer Software]. Retrieved from https://www.jamovi.org.
Tijare, V., F. L. Yang, V. A. Kuttappan, C. Z. Alvarado, C. N. Coon, and C. M. Owens. 2016. Meat Quality of Broiler Breast Fillets with White Striping and Woody Breast Muscle Myopathies. Poultry Science 95 (9): 2167–73. https://doi.org/10.3382/PS/PEW129.
Derechos de autor 2022 Rebeca María Zamora Sanabria, Alma Vásquez-Delgado, Jorge Elizondo-Salazar, Jorge Camacho-Sandoval, María del Pilar Castañeda-Serrano
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
