Invited paper Animal-based protein is a vital part of a balanced diet, but widespread negative perceptions and the absence of evidence-based scientific discussion must be addressed in the marketplace.

Abstract

Consumer trends are increasingly shifting toward plant-based diets, driven by growing concerns for both environmental sustainability and human health. Policy initiatives such as the EAT-Lancet Commission report and the European Union's Farm to Fork strategy support this movement by promoting reduced consumption of animal-sourced foods. While plant-based foods are gaining traction in certain markets, global demand for animal protein continues to rise, largely due to population growth. A review of FAO food supply data found that although total meat supply declined between 2020 and 2025, consumption of poultry and pork increased, while dairy and egg intake remained stable. By 2050, per capita animal protein intake is projected to increase by 17–21%, reflecting ongoing nutritional and cultural reliance on animal-based foods. Indeed, a recent Cargill report from the United States demonstrated an increase in consumption in recent years and reported that nearly three-quarters of consumers still consider meat an essential part of their diets, valuing its nutritional density, sensory qualities, minimal processing, and low use of additives.