Influence of collectors on the production and quality of propolis produced by Africanized Apis mellifera L. bees.
Abstract
Propolis is a beekeeping product whose production can be an important source of income for beekeepers, with its success tied to various factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of different types of collectors in the production and quality of propolis produced by Africanized Apis mellifera L. bees. Fifteen colonies of this species were used, housed in standard Langstroth hives, managed for propolis production. The collectors used were plastic mesh, smart propolis collector, and spacer, with five hives assigned to each collector. At the end of each monthly collection, the propolis was quantified, stored in a freezer, and its hydroalcoholic extract was prepared (30% w/v in 70% alcohol) for quality analysis (dry weight, total phenolics, solubility in lead acetate, solubility in sodium hydroxide). The results were evaluated by ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test to check for differences between the means (p<0.05). A higher propolis production was observed with the use of the smart propolis collector, showing a significant difference compared to the other collectors evaluated. No statistically significant differences were observed between the production with the plastic mesh and spacer collectors. All propolis analyses comply with the relevant normative instructions as well as with current Brazilian legislation. It is concluded that the use of the smart propolis collector for commercial production is the most efficient.
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