Detection of cutaneous habronemosis and its treatment in working equids of a rural community in Oaxaca, Mexico
Abstract
The objective of this study was to provide information on the presence, diagnosis, and treatment of cutaneous habronemiasis in horses and working donkeys belonging to the municipality of Santiago Apóstol, Oaxaca, Mexico. Clinical findings and histopathology tests were used to determine the presence of this parasitism. Samples were obtained from 21 animals (2 horses, 2 mares, 7 male donkeys, and 10 female donkeys) from which one or two biopsies were taken depending on the area and extension of the lesion. In addition, the effect of two similar treatments based on oral ivermectin was tested, which were supplemented with dexamethasone and two different topical treatments (treatment 1: dimethyl sulfoxide + coumaphos 3% and treatment 2: generic antiseptic + coumaphos 3%). For the statistical analysis of the recovery of the animals according to the effects of the treatment, location, and severity of the lesion, a logistic regression model of SAS® was used. The main lesions were observed in the locomotor extremities 52% (11/21) and in the face 38% (8/21) with no difference between species (P>0.05). In addition, all the horses evaluated presented lesions located only on the face. All the cases the samples evaluated presented histologically pyogranulomatous and ulcerative dermatitis, in addition to identifying the presence of the parasite Habronema spp. in two samples. The definitive diagnosis of equine cutaneous habronemiasis (HCE) was established based on the clinical characteristics and histopathological findings. Likewise, it was observed that both treatments were effective, with no difference between treatments, location and severity of the lesion (P>0.05), achieving full recovery of 95% of the animals in a period of 25 to 60 days. Finally, it was observed that the prevalence of cutaneous habronemiasis in working equids in the municipality of Santiago Apóstol was 10.5%.
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