Reproductive characterization of the Criollo-Neuquino goat breed
Abstract
The Criollo-Neuquina goat breed inhabits the province of Neuquén (Argentina) and constitutes the way of life of 1,600 breeders from northern Neuquén, due to its high reproductive efficiency and productive potential. In this work, the reproductive characterization of this breed is presented, addressing the study of seasonal variation of the reproductive activity in adult females and males, the initiation of sexual activity in female and male kids, the male effect, and pre-ovulatory follicular dynamics. These investigations constitute one of the most exhaustive reproductive characterizations of a caprine breed. The reproductive cycle was shown to be markedly seasonal, with mating in autumn and kidding in spring. Females have a fertile estrus period of 5 months, between April and August; with higher ovulation rates at the beginning of the season than at the end (1.7 vs 1.0 ovulations / goat). The work confirms the response to the male effect, with an estrus concentration higher than 80 % between 8 to 11 days after introduction of the males. In this way, the usual practice of isolating males in the “castronerías” outside the reproductive season is validated, due to matings are synchronized naturally during the reproductive season. The sexual activity of the males is seasonal, presenting the highest activity between March and June. Males and females are precocious in their development, being fertile from their first autumn of life, as long as they reach an adequate body development. The pre-ovulatory follicular dynamics presents some of the reproductive strategies described in prolific sheep breeds. Advances in the knowledge of the reproductive physiology of a breed in a certain region constitute studies of reference for establishing different management strategies and improve its productive efficiency. This knowledge allows implementing a rational use of reproductive techniques to be used in conservation, dissemination or genetic improvement programs.
Downloads
References
Al-Ghalban, A., Tabbaa, M., Kridlib, R. 2004. Factors affecting semen characteristics and scrotal circumference in Damascus bucks. Small Rumin. Res. 53: 141-149. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921448803003286
Allan, C. 1992. Naturally synchronized oestrus in Australian Bush does. In: Recent Advances in Goat Production. Proc. V Inter. Conf. on Goats. New Delhi, India. 2-8 March.
Alvarez, M., Kaabi, M., Anel, L., Anel, E., Rodríguez, C., Pérez, J., Aparicio, N., Méndez, P., Martínez, S. 1999. Variación estacional de la producción espermática en morruecos de la raza Assaf SEOC, Soria. pp. 193-196.
Augusto, L., DeleoRodrigues, A., FonsecaMerighe, G., Aparecida de Oliveira, S., FacholiBomfim, G., Negrao, J. 2020. Influence of male on estrus behavior, estradiol and progesterone release and puberty onset on prepubert al Saanen goats. Semina: ciencias agrarias, Londina 41:1247-1258. DOI: 10.5433/16790359.
Belibasaki, S., Kouimtzis, S. 2000. Sexual activity and body and testis growth in prepubertal ram lambs of Friesland, Chios, Karagouniki and Serres dairy sheep in Greece. Small Rumin. Res. 37: 109-113. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921448899001315
Benavente, M., Fresno, M., Delgado, J. 2007. Volumen testicular en macho cabrío Tinerfeño. Archivos de Zootecnia 56: 551-556.
Bendini de Ortega, M., Tsakoumagkos, P., Destefano de Monsalvo, S. 1983. El trabajo trashumante en la provincia del Neuquén. Univ. Nac. del Comahue, Neuquén. 140 p.
Braun, W.F., Thompson, J.M., Ross, C.V. 1979. Ram Scrotal Circumference Measurements. Theriogenology 13: URL: 221-229. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0093691X80900849
Bronson, F.H. 1985. Mammalian reproductive biology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Martinus Nijhoff. Boston. 325 p.
Burguete, I., Quiles, A., Ramírez, A., Hevia, M., Vallejo, M. 1998. Effect of buck, year and season of insemination on prolificacy of Murciano-Granadina goats. Small Rumin. Res. 29: 121-123.URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921448897000977
Carrillo, E., Meza-Herrera, C., Véliz, F. 2010. Reproductive seasonality of young French-alpine goat bucks adapted to subtropical conditions in Mexico. Técnica Pecuaria en México 48: 169-178.
Chemineau, P. 1983. Effect on oestrus and ovulation of exposing Creole goats to the male at three times of the year. J. Reprod. Fert. 67: 65-72.URL: https://rep.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/rep/67/1/jrf_67_1_009.xml
Chemineau, P. 1985. Effects of a progestagen on buck-induced short ovarian cycles in the Creole meat goat. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 9: 87-94. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0378432085900442
Chemineau, P. 1986. Sexual behaviour and gonadal activity during the year in the tropical Creole meat goat. I. Females oestrous behaviour and ovarian activity. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 26: 441-452. URL: https://rnd.edpsciences.org/articles/rnd/pdf/1986/03/RND_0181-1916_1986_26_2A_ART0006.pdf
Chemineau, P. 1992. Medio ambiente y reproducción animal. Revista Mundial de Zootecnia 77: 14. URL: http://www.fao.org/ag/Aga/AGAP/FRG/FEEDback/War/v1650b/v1650b04.htm
Chemineau, P., Daveau, A., Maurice, F., Delgadillo, J. 1992. Seasonality of oestrus and ovulation is not deeply modified by submitting Alpine goats to a tropical photoperiod. Small Rumin. Res. 8: 299-312. URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1472-6793-4-12
Chemineau, P., Delgadillo, J. 1993. Neuro-endocrinología de la reproducción en el caprino. Revista Científica, FCV-LUZ. Vol. III, Nº 2: 113-121.
Chemineau, P., Morello, H., Delgadillo, J., Malpaux, B. 2003. Estacionalidad reproductiva en pequeños rumiantes: mecanismos fisiológicos y técnicas para la inducción de una actividad sexual a contra-estación. III Congreso ALEPRYCS, Viña del Mar, Chile. 7-9 de Mayo.
Chemineau, P., Pellicer-Rubio, M., Lassoued, N., Khaldi, G., Monniaux, D. 2006. Male induced short oestrous and ovarian cycles in sheep and goats: a working hypothesis. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 46: 417-429.URL: https://rnd.edpsciences.org/articles/rnd/abs/2006/05/r6408/r6408.html
Chemineau, P., Thimonier, J. 1986. Methods for evaluation of reproductive and growth-rate performance in local breeds of tropical sheep and goat in an experimental station. World Review of Anim. Prod. XXII: 27-33.
Chemineau, P., Xande, A. 1982. Reproductive efficiency of creole meat goats permanently kept with males. Relationship to a tropical environment. Trop. Anim. Prod. 7: 98-104.
Cueto, M. 2008. Caracterización reproductiva de las Cabras Criollas Neuquinas. Tesis Doctoral. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Univ. Nacional del Comahue. 284 p.
Cueto, M., Gibbons, A., Abad, M. 2000. Reproducción en caprinos. Módulo de la materia de Pequeños Rumiantes. Editorial Facultad de Agronomía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. ISBN 987-521-029-3.
Cueto, M., Gibbons, A., Alberio, R. 2004. Efecto macho en cabras Criollas Neuquinas en la estación reproductiva. 27º Congr. Arg. Prod. Anim. Tandil, Buenos Aires. 20-22 Octubre. Rev. Arg. Prod. Anim. 24. Sup. 1.
Cueto, M., Gibbons, A., Alberio, R., Taddeo, H., González-Bulnes, A. 2006. Timing of emergence of ovulatory follicles in polyovulatory goats. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 91: 275-284. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378432005001107
Cueto, M., Gibbons, A., Lanari, M., Taddeo, H., Alberio, R. 2008. Variación estacional de los estros y las ovulaciones en Cabras Criollas Neuquinas de Patagonia Argentina. Nota breve. Archivos de Zootecnia 57: 541-544. URL: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/495/49515034016.pdf
Davidson-Hunt, I. 1997. Negotiating a pastoral livelihood in a mountain commons of the Western Indian Himalayas. Culture and Agriculture 19: 33–41.
De la Vega, A., Morales, P., Zimerman, M., Wilde, O. 2006. Variación anual de la circunferencia escrotal en caprinos criollos serranos. Archivos de Zootecnia 55: 113-116.URL: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/495/49520915.pdf
Delgadillo, J., Canedo, G., Chemineau, P., Guillaume, D., Malpaux, B. 1999. Evidence for an annual reproductive rhythm independent of food availability in male creole goats in subtropical northern mexico. Theriogenology 52: 727-737. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0093691X99001661
Delgadillo, J., Fitz-Rodriguez, G., Duarte, G., Véliz, F., Carrillo, E., Flores, J., Vielma, J., Hernandez, H., Malpaux, B. 2004. Management of photoperiod to control caprine reproduction in the subtropics. Reprod. Fert. Dev. 16: 471-478. URL: https://www.publish.csiro.au/RD/RD04030
Delgadillo, J., Hernández, H., Abecia, J., Keller, M., Chemineau, P. 2020. Is it time to reconsider the relative weight of sociosexual relationships compared with photoperiod in the control of reproduction of small ruminant females? (Review) Domestic Animal Endocrinology Vol. 73, October 2020, .106468. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0739724020300357.
Delgadillo, J., Cortez-López, M., Duarte, G., Malpaux, B. 2000. El fotoperíodo modifica la actividad sexual de los machos cabríos Criollos del subtrópico mexicano. XLII Congreso Nacional de Ciencias Fisiológicas y XX Congreso Latinoamericano de Ciencias Fisiológicas. Cancún, Quintana Roo, México. Septiembre 3-7. C191.
Dowing, J.M. 1980. Studies on the effects of date of birth and plane of nutrition on attainment of puberty and reproductive performance in Clun Forest ewe lambs. PhD Thesis. University of Wales.
Driancourt, M., Gauld, I., Terqui, M., Webb, R. 1986. Variations in patterns of follicular development in prolific breeds of sheep. J. Reprod. Fert. 78: 565-575. URL: https://rep.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/rep/78/2/jrf_78_2_028.xml
Dyrmundsson, O. 1973. Puberty and early reproductive performance in sheep. Ewe lambs. Anim. Breed. 41: 273. Abstr. URL: http://www.sidalc.net/cgi-bin/wxis.exe/?IsisScript=orton.xis&method=post&formato=2&cantidad=1&expresion=mfn=004356
Dyrmundsson, O., Less, J. 1972. Attainment of puberty and reproductive performance in Clun Forest ewe lambs. J. Agric. Sci. 78: 39. URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-agricultural-science/article/attainment-of-puberty-and-reproductive-performance-in-clun-forest-ewe-lambs/C9ACD084ECCE35A1AF811AB7D32287B7
Espinoza-Flores, L., Andrade-Esparza, J., Hernandez, H., Zarazaga, L., Abecia, J., Chemineau, P., Keller, M., Delgadillo, J. 2019. Male effect using photostimulated bucks and nutritional supplementation advance puberty in goats under semi-extensive management. Theriogenology 143: 82-87. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0093691X19305485
Farsi, H., Mhani, M., Achaaban, M., Boukhliq, R, Tibary, A., El Allali, K. 2018. Environmental cues and seasonal patterns of reproduction in goats. Rev. Mar. Sci. Agron. Vt.6: 158167. URL: https://www.agrimaroc.org/index php/ActesIAVH2/article/view/652
Fernández Abella, D. 1993. Principios de fisiología reproductiva ovina. Agropecuaria Hemisferio Sur, Universidad de la República, Uruguay. 247 p. URL: http://www.sidalc.net/cgi-bin/wxis.exe/?IsisScript=FVL.xis&method=post&formato=2&cantidad=1&expresion=mfn=004382
Fernandez, J., Jockers, E., Bruno-Galarraga, M., Medina, V., Villagra, S., Cueto, M., Gibbons A. 2018. Efecto de la nutrición materna sobre la pubertad de sus crías en cabras criollas neuquinas. 41º Congr. Arg. Prod. Anim. Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires. 16-19 Octubre. Rev. Arg. Prod. Anim. 38. Sup. 1. URL: http://170.210.81.141:8080/handle/123456789/15381
Gibbons, A., Cueto, M. 2008. Determinación de la capacidad productiva durante la pubertad en hembras caprinas Criollas del Neuquén. Com. Técnica Nº 525, Serie Prod. Anim. INTA-EEA-Bariloche. URL: http://www.produccion-animal.com.ar/produccion_caprina/produccion_caprina/05-pubertad.pdf
Gibbons, A., Cueto, M., Lanari, M., Domingo, E. 2009. Actividad sexual en cabritos Criollo Neuquinos de la Patagonia Argentina. Nota breve. Archivos de Zootecnia 58: 129-132.URL: http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-05922009000100016
Gibbons, A., Willems, P., González, R., Cueto, M., García Vinent, J. 1994. Actividad sexual de la cabra de raza Angora por efecto macho temporario o permanente. Rev. Arg. Prod. Anim. 14: 209-214.
Ginther, O., Kot, K. 1994. Follicular dynamics during the ovulatory season in goats. Theriogenology 42: 987-1001. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0093691X9490121X
González Bulnes, A., Díaz-Delfa, C., García-García, R., Urrutia, B., Carrizosa, J., Lopez-Sebastian, A. 2005. Origin and fate of preovulatory follicles after induced luteolysis at different stages of the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle in goats. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 86: 237-245. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S037843200400199X
Goodman, A., Hoodge, G. 1983. The ovarian trial of the primate menstrual cycle. Recent. Prop. Horm. Res. 39: 1-73. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780125711395500057
Greyling, J.P.C. 1988. Reproductive physiology in the Boer goat doe. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921448899001613
GrimaldoViesca, E., DuarteMoreno, G., HernandezHernandez, H., FloresCabrera, J., DelgadilloSanchez, J., VielmaSifuentes, J. 2020. La presencia de cabras en estro mejora la actividad sexual en los machos en reposo sexual estacional. Agrociencia 54: 3142. https://www.agrocienciacolpos.mx/index.php/agrociencia/article/view/1890
Hafez, E.S.E. 1996. Reproducción e Inseminación Artificial en Animales. Sexta edición. Interamericana-Mc Graw-Hill. 542 p.
Hammoudi, S., Ait-Amrane, A., Belhamiti, T., Khiati, B., Niar, A., Guetarni, D. 2010. Seasonal variations of sexual activity of local bucks in western Algeria. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 9: 362-368. URL: https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajb/article/view/77919
Islam, A., Land, R. 1977. Seasonal variations in testis diameter and sperm output of rams breeds of different prolificity. Anim. Prod. 25: 311-317. URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/animal-science/article/seasonal-variation-in-testis-diameter-and-sperm-output-of-rams-of-breeds-of-different-prolificacy/A3A2DE0DDABC656D1FC13620B472C449
Karagiannidis, A., Varsakeli, S., Karatzas, G. 2000. Characteristics and seasonal variations in the semen of Alpine, Saanen and Damascus goat bucks born and raised in Greece. Theriogenology 53: 1285-1293. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0093691X00002727
Kilgour, R., Whale, R. 1980. The relations between mating activity of rams in pens and subsequent flock mating performance. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 20: 5-8. URL: https://www.publish.csiro.au/an/EA9800005
Lanari, M.R. 2004. Variación y diferenciación genética y fenotípica de la Cabra Criolla Neuquina en relación con su sistema rural campesino. Tesis doctoral. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Univ. Nacional del Comahue. 234 p. URL: http://rdi.uncoma.edu.ar:8080/handle/123456789/187
Lanari, M.R., Domingo, E., Pérez Centeno, M., Gallo, L. 2005. Pastoral community selection and genetic structure of a local goat breed in Patagonia. FAO, AGRI 37: 31-42. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Charles_Moses_Lyimo/publication/231969752_Phenotypic_characterization_and_production_performance_of_local_pigs_under_village_settings_in_the_Southern_Highland_zone_Tanzania/links/0a85e533b38f545409000000.pdf#page=38
Martínez Rojero, R., Mastache Lagunas, A., Reyna Santamaría, L., Valencia Méndez, J. 2005. Comportamiento reproductivo de tres razas caprinas bajo condiciones de trópico seco en Guerrero, México. Vet. Méx. 36: 147-157.URL: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/423/42336204.pdf
Matos, C., Thomas, D. 1992. Physiology and genetics of testicular size in sheep: a review. Livestock Production Science, 32: 1-30. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. Amsterdan. URL: Physiology and genetics of testicular size in sheep: a review.
Moronta, M., Lanari, M.R. 2017. Un Criancero llamado Castronero. En: Recursos Locales para la Sustentabilidad de la Producción Familiar. Ed. Plaza Valdez (Mx). ISBN 978-607-402-944-4. 236 p.
Mueller, J., Taddeo, H. 1993. Estudios sobre cirterios de selección y sistemas de apareamiento para caprinos de Angora. Com. Técnica Nº 236, Serie Prod. Anim. INTA-EEA-Bariloche.
Nishimura, S., Okano, K., Yasukouchi, K., Gotoh, T., Tabata, S., Iwamoto, H. 2000. Testis develop- ments and puberty in the male Tokara (Japanese native) goat. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 64: 127-131. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378432000001974
Ortavant, R. 1977. Photoperiodic regulation of reproduction in the sheep. In: Management of Reproduction in Sheep and Goats Symposium, Madison. pp. 58–71. URL: https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US19790361541
Ortavant, R., Bocquier, F., Pelletier, J., Ravault, J., Thimonier, J., Volland-Nail, P. 1988. Seasonality of reproduction in sheep and its control by photoperiod. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 41: 69-85. URL: https://www.publish.csiro.au/BI/BI9880069
Ortavant, R., Pelletier, J., Ravault, J.P., Thimonier, J., Volland-Nail, P. 1985. Photoperiod: main proximal and distal factor of the circannual cycle of reproduction in farm animals. In: Oxford Reviews of Reproductive Biology. Clarendon Press. Oxford. Vol. 7: 305-345. URL: https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10021223280/
Pérez Centeno, M., Lanari, M.R., Domingo, E., López Raggi, F., Zimerman, M. 2007. Chivito Criollo del Norte Neuquino, Chos Malal, Patagonia, Argentina, Consultoría FAO-IICA, Productos de calidad vinculada al origen. Santiago de Chile, Dic. 2007.
Pérez, B., Mateos, E. 1994. Influence of photoperiod en the secretion of testosterone as a response to sexual stimulus in male goat. Theriogenology 42: 127-135. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0093691X9490669A
Pérez, B., Mateos, E. 1995. Seasonal variations in plasma testosterona levels in Verata and Malagueña bucks. Small Rumin. Res: 15: 155-162. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/092144889400016Z
Pérez, B., Mateos, E. 1996. Effect of photoperiod on semen production and quality in bucks of Verrata and Malagueña breeds. Small Rumin. Res. 22: 163-168. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921448896008875
Restall, B. 1992a. Seasonal variation in reproductive activity in Australian goats. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 27: 305-318. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0378432092901454
Restall, B. 1992b. The male effect in goats. In: "Recent Advances in Goat Production". Proc. V Inter. Conf. on Goats. New Delhi, India. 2-8 March. pp. 322-331.
Rivera, G., Alanis, G., Chaves, M., Ferrero, S., Morello, H. 2003. Seasonality of estrus and ovulation in Creole goats of Argentina. Small Rumin. Res. 48: 109-117. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/092144889400016Z
Roca, J., Martinez, E., Vazquez, J., Coy, P. 1992. Characteristics and seasonal variations in the semen of Murciano-Granadina goats in the Mediterranean area. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 29: 255-262. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/037843209290038F
Rubianes, E., Menchaca, A. 2003. The pattern and manipulation of ovarian follicular growth in goats. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 78: 271–287. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378432003000952
Santiago Moreno, J., Gómez Brunet, A., González Bulnes, A., Malpaux, B., Chemineau, P., Pulido Pastor, A., López Sebastián, A. 2003. Seasonal ovulatory activity and plasma prolactin concentrations in Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica hipanica) maintained in captivity. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 43: 217-224. Abstr. URL: https://rnd.edpsciences.org/articles/rnd/abs/2003/03/R3305/R3305.html
Santiago Moreno, J., González Bulnes, A., Gómez Brunet, A., del Campo, A., Picazo, R., López Sebastian, A. 2000. Nocturnal variation of prolactin secretion in the Mouflon (Ovis gmelini musimon) and domestic sheep (Ovis aries): seasonal changes. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 64: 211-219. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S037843200000213X
Silvestre, P., Naim, P., Cueto, M., Gibbons, A. 2012. Estacionalidad reproductiva en machos caprinos Criollo-neuquinos de la Patagonia Argentina. Archivos de Zootecnia 61: 119-128. URL: http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?pid=S00045922012000100013&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en
Soriano, A. 1954. Los distritos florísticos de la provincia patagónica. Revista de Investigación Agrícola10: 323-367.
Souza, C., González Bulnes, A., Campbell, B., Mc.Neilly, A., Baird, D. 2004. Mechanisms of action of the principal prolific genes and their application to sheep production. Reprod. Fert. Dev. 16: 395-401. URL: https://www.publish.csiro.au/rd/RD04038
Swenson, M., Reece, W. 1999. Fisiología de los animales domésticos. Tomo I y II. 5ta Edición. México.
Todini, L., Malfatti, A., Terzano, G., Borghese, A., Pizzillo, M., Debenedetti, A. 2007. Seasonality of plasma testosterone in males of four Mediterranean goat breeds and in three different climatic conditions. Theriogenology 67: 627-631. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0093691X0600522X
Torretta, M., Alanís, G., Rabaglino, M., Castelo, L., Garcia, F., Morcos, F. 2017. Caracterización del comportamiento reproductivo de machos cabríos mestizos Criollo x Anglo Nubian, en la región sur de Córdoba, Argentina. II. Madurez sexual. REDVET Vol. 18 Nº 10. 13 p. URL: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/636/63653470027.pdf
Ungerfeld, R. 2007. Socio-sexual signalling and gonadal function: Opportunities for reproductive management in domestic ruminants. Soc. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. 64: 207-221. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/R_Ungerfeld/publication/6341056_Socio-sexual_signalling_and_gonadal_function_Opportunities_for_reproductive_management_in_domestic_ruminants/links/00b7d5376611466b00000000/Socio-sexual-signalling-and-gonadal-function-Opportunities-for-reproductive-management-in-domestic-ruminants.pdf
Usman Mir Khan, Ali Murad Khan, Umar Murad Khan, Zeliha Selamoğlu (2019). Effects of Seasonal Factors in The Goats’ Reproductive Efficiency. Turkish Journal of Agriculture – Food. Science and Technology 7: 1937-1940. URL: http://www.agrifoodscience.org/index.php/TURJAF/article/view/2899
Valasi, I. Chadio, S., Fthenakis, G., Amiridis, G. 2012. Management of pre-pubertal small ruminants: Physiological basis and clinical approach. Animal Reproduction Science, 130: 126–134. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378432012000310
Walkden-Brown, S., Restall, B., Henniawati. 1993. The male effect in the Australian Cashmere goat.1. Ovarian and behavioural response of seasonally anovulatory does following the introduction of bucks. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 32: 41-53. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/037843209390056W
Walkden-Brown, S.W., Restall, B. 1996. Environmental and social factors affecting reproduction. Beijing. Vol. II. International Academic Publisher, Beijing. pp. 762-775.
Zarazaga, L., Guzmán, J., Domínguez, C., Pérez, M., Prieto, R. 2009. Effects of season and feeding level on reproductive activity and semen quality in Payoya buck goats. Theriogenology 71: 1316-1325. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0093691X09000259
Zimerman, M., Domingo, E., Lanari, M.R. 2007. Carcass characteristics of “Neuquen Criollo kids” in Patagonia, Argentina. Meat Science 79: 453-457. URL : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S030917400700407X
Copyright (c) 2021 Marcela Cueto, María Rosa Lanari, Paula Silvestre, Maria Macarena Bruno-Galarraga, Jimena Fernández, Alejandro Gibbons
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
