Genetic diversity and association studies in class II genes of the main histocompatibility complex in American Creole cattle
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex or MHC (called in the bovine species "bovine leukocyte antigen, BoLA") is composed of a large number of genes involved in the immune response within the same chromosomal region. Many of these genes have extraordinary levels of polymorphism. Furthermore, these loci have been associated with infectious and autoimmune diseases and with productive traits in different mammalian species. It is for this reason that the study of its structure, polymorphism and evolution has been of great interest to biologists, geneticists and veterinarians during the last decades. The objective of this review is to analyze the state of the art on the characterization of the genetic diversity of BoLA loci, with special emphasis on the BoLA-DRB3 gene in American Creole bovine breeds. In this sense, the methodologies used for the genotyping of this gene (serological and molecular) are detailed. In addition, the main results obtained from the study of the genetic diversity of the BoLA-DRB3 gene are described, as well as from the association studies of this locus with infectious diseases in American Creole cattle. Although much progress has been made in understanding the genetic diversity of the BoLA-DRB3 gene, there is still a long way to go.
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