Genetic diversity of Calpain 1 gene in bovine breeds in Bolivia
127
et al., 2005). The results obtained in the present study
show that while the frequency of CAPN1316C in
CreBo as well as in CreAr is considerably high (> 20
Finally, the major allele of CAPN1530 SNP is
CAPN1530G, with frequency values between 0.77 in
CreBo and 0.94 in BraBo. This result also agrees with
previous studies performed in several pure and
composite breeds (Chung et al., 2014; Corva et al.,
2007). Page et al. (2002), proposed that the CAPN1530
G allele had a beneficial effect on meat tenderness as
compared with CAPN1530A. Interestingly, the
breeds studied so far, including those of the present
study, showed higher frequencies of this allele.
However, subsequent studies showed conflicting
results regarding the effect of this SNP on meat
tenderness.
%
), the NelBo and BraBo breeds present a very low
frequency of this variant (< 10 %). These data are in
agreement with previous reports showing that taurine
breeds generally present a higher frequency of this
allele than zebu breeds (Barendse et al., 2008; Corva et
al., 2007; Curi et al., 2010; Gill et al., 2009; LópezRojas
et al., 2017; Page et al., 2002; Soria et al., 2010; White et
al., 2005), while composite breeds often present
intermediate frequencies. In this sense, the high
frequency of the CAPN1316C allele in CreBo may be
due to its taurine origin (Liron et al., 2006a,b ; Primo,
1
992). The higher gene frequencies of favorable
Genetic differences among breeds may be due to
the presence of different alleles, to different genetic
frequencies or to different haplotype combinations.
Although CAPN1 polymorphisms have been
extensively reported in several bovine breeds, most
studies have analyzed only one or two of the CAPN1
SNPs included in the present study, and only a few
CAPN1 and CAST alleles in Bolivian Creole cattle
reported in the present work agree with meat quality
analysis performed in Creole breeds. These reports
showed that Creole cattle and their crossbreed had
similar WarnerBlatzer shear force values (3.5 to 5 kg)
to those reported in European taurine breeds,
including Angus (Garriz et al., 1993; Holgado et al.,
works
have
reported
LD
among
CAPN1
2
021).
polymorphisms (Castro et al., 2016; Chung et al., 2014;
White et al., 2005). LD analysis of CAPN1316¸
CAPN1530 and CAPN1530 SNPs within CreBo,
NelBo and BraBo breeds showed that six out of seven
tests exhibited significant LD pvalues (Table S2),
excepting CAPN1316 and CAPN1530 pairwise
comparison in NelBo. In agreement with the
significant LD previously observed in the three
genotyped SNP, a more detailed analysis of LD within
the CAPN1 gene using the Bos 1 microarray data
showed two LD blocks clearly defined in Angus,
Argentine and Bolivian Creole cattle, and Brahman
Composite breeds (Figure 1). The first one comprised
four SNPs spanning from 44.067 to 44.072Mb of BTA29
and included CAPN1316, while the second block
comprised two SNPs and covered the region from
44.085 to 44.087bp and included CAPN14751. None of
these blocks included CAPN1530; however, this
genetic marker was located close to the upstream end
of block 2. As shown in Figure 1, the level of
recombination between two blocks, measured through
multiallelic D' parameter, varied between 0.48 and
0.64. It is noteworthy that the number and population
frequency as well as connections from block 1 to the
next varied among Angus, Argentine and Bolivian
Creole cattle and BrahmanComposite breeds. Similar
results were published by Chung et al. (2014), who
reported an LD block between exon 14 and intron 17.
This is relevant because certain CAPN1 haplotypes
have been associated with meat tenderness (Chung et
al., 2014; Lee et al., 2014; White et al., 2005). For
example, Page et al. (2004), reported that CAPN1316
C – CAPN1530G haplotype was associated with
higher tenderness among the four possible classes,
In the case of the CAPN14751 SNP, the C allele
has been associated with higher meat tenderness in
breeds such as Nellore, Brahman, Canchin, Brangus,
Braunvieh, Angus, Hanwoo and crossbreeds between
Angus x Nellore and Rubia Gallega x Nellore (Bonilla
et al., 2010; Casas et al., 2006; Chung et al., 2014; Curi et
al., 2009; Gill et al., 2009; Pinto et al., 2010; Soria et al.,
2
010; White et al., 2005). As in the first SNP analyzed,
the present results show that CreBo and CreAr have a
significantly higher frequency of CAPN14751C (> 75
%
These results also agree with those reported in the
literature showing that taurine breeds present higher
CAPN14751C allele frequency than zebu breeds
) than NelBo (< 10 %) and BraBo (< 16 %) in Bolivia.
(
Bonilla et al., 2010; Casas et al., 2006; Curi et al., 2009;
Gill et al., 2009; Pinto et al., 2010; Pinto et al., 2011; Soria
et al., 2010), while composite breeds generally present
intermediate frequencies. Compared with previous
studies, CreBo breeds, as well as CreAr, presented an
exceptionally high CAPN14751C allele frequency.
Interestingly, Creole cattle had similar CAPN14751C
allele frequency than Iberian and African Taurine
breeds (Rodero et al., 2013; Pelayo et al., 2016). The
partial African origin of Creole cattle germoplasm is
already known (Liron et al., 2006a,b). Thus, in the case
of CAPN1316, this could be a consequence of the
historical origin of Creole cattle that defined the
characteristics of Creole cattle meat (Garriz et al., 1993;
Holgado et al., 2021; Liron et al., 2006a,b; Primo, 1992).
ISSNL 10221301. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Producción Animal. 2022. 30 (2): 121132